Spencer

 This link takes You to my Spencer fabric collection

The spencer, originating in the late 18th century, evolved significantly throughout the 19th century. It began as a woollen outer tail-coat with the tails removed, designed for men and named after George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer. The adaptation of this garment for women during the Regency period (1790-1820) marked its transition into a fashionable item for both genders.

Design and Characteristics
In the 19th century, the spencer was characterized by its short waist-length design. For men, it typically ended at the waist and was double-breasted, often made from heavier fabrics suitable for outdoor wear. Women’s spencers were tailored to fit just under the bust line or at the waist level, aligning with the high-waisted silhouette of Empire-style dresses. These jackets could be made from various materials including lightweight wool or silk and were sometimes adorned with decorative elements like braiding or contrasting colors.

Cultural Significance
The popularity of block-printed fabrics in Spencer jackets reflects broader cultural trends during the Regency period. As industrialization progressed, access to printed textiles increased, allowing more women to participate in fashion trends that had previously been limited to the upper classes. The ability to produce beautiful fabrics at a lower cost democratized fashion to some extent, enabling a wider audience to embrace styles like the Spencer.

Usage and Popularity
Throughout the 19th century, spencers were worn for various occasions—both formal and informal—and could be seen in everyday life as well as in fashion plates published in magazines of the time. Their versatility made them suitable for both indoor settings and outdoor promenades. The popularity of spencers is evidenced by their frequent appearance in fashion illustrations from that era.